Cairo (al-Qahirah) is the capital of Egypt and, with a total population in excess of 16 million people, one of the largest cities in both Africa and the Middle East (the regions which it conveniently straddles). It is also the 19th largest city in the world, and among the world's most densely populated cities.Situated on the River Nile, Cairo is famous for its own history, preserved in the fabulous medieval Islamic city and Coptic sites in Old Cairo. The Egyptian Museum in the center of town is a must see, with its countless Ancient Egyptian artifacts, as is shopping at the Khan al-Khalili bazaar. No trip to Cairo would be complete, for example, without a visit to the Giza Pyramids, and to the nearby Saqqara Pyramid Complex, where visitors will see Egypt's first step pyramid built by the architect Imhotep for the third dynasty pharaoh Djoser.
Downtown (Midan Tahrir)Midan Tahrir is the very centre of the modern city: big hotels, transport nexus and the Egyptian Museum, with downtown extending through Midan Talaat Harb up to Midan Ataba.Midan Ramses,Cairo's main railway station and a burgeoning retail and accommodation zone.Garden City An upmarket "garden suburb" close to the city centre and the Corniche el-Nil.Islamic Cairo,The centre of historic Cairo, located east of downtown; the Citadel, Khan el Khalili (the main Cairo souq / market), historic mosques and medieval architecture.Old Cairo,Located south of downtown, includes Coptic Cairo, Fustat (Cairo's historical kernel) and Rhoda Island.Dokki and Mohandeseen,Located on the west bank of the Nile, with upscale restaurants and shopping.Gezira and Zamalek Upmarket suburbs on an island in the Nile, with hotels and the Cairo Tower.Giza A sprawling western district of the city and the site of the Pyramids.Heliopolis and Nasr City An upmarket residential and retail area close to the Airport.Ma'adi A suburb catering to many foreign expatriates, accessed by the Ring Road.
Cairo International Airport is well served by Egypt-Air, the national carrier, and others such as British Airways, Air France, KLM, Singapore Airlines and Lufthansa, as well as budget carriers TUI-fly and Jet-Air-Fly. Go ahead and exchange some money in the airport - best to do this before going through customs.The airport has three terminals, the latest of which was opened in 2009. Egypt-Air now operates all flights from the new Terminal 3, but there is little rhyme or reason to other airlines, especially as T2 will be partly closed in 2009-2010 for renovation works, so double-check your terminal before departure. A free shuttle bus runs between the three every 30 minutes, 24 hours a day. Taxi drivers trying to lure you at the airport will try to tell you otherwise regarding the shuttle bus, but go outside the terminal and you will find the free shuttle bus.
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